Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome wfs is a collection of symptoms resulting from the failure of the adrenal glands to function normally as a result of bleeding into the gland. Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome penn state hershey. Medical definition of waterhousefriderichsen syndrome. Fulminant meningococcal sepsis waterhousefriderichsen syndrome. In response to acute stress, adrenal changes result in. There is an additional elevated risk of adrenal gland bleeds leading to waterhouse friderichsen syndrome neisseria meningitidis caused primary adrenal insufficiency. The waterhousefriderichsen syndrome wfs is the morphological. The adrenal glands produce and release different hormones that the body. Pdf first case reported in adults waterhousefriderichsen syndrome secondary to staphylococcus haemolyticus is concluded find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
Adrenal hemorrhage has been associated with meningococcemia waterhousefriderichsen syndrome, but pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common pathogen in one report of 51 children clinical manifestations of adrenal insufficiency in adults view in chinese. The waterhousefriderichsen syndrome is a rapid onset and mostly fulminant form of sepsis. Abstract the waterhousefriderichsen syndrome wfs is the maximum form of a peracute meningococcal sep sis. Meningokokkensepsis mit nebennierenbeteiligung waterhousefriderichsensyndrom. Plotzlicher tod bei waterhousefriderichsensyndrom im. Pathology outlines waterhousefriderichsen syndrome. Rechtsmedizinische erkentnisse zum waterhousefriderichsen.
The word syndrome comes from the greek word sundrom, which means concurrence of symptoms, or from word sundromos, which means running together. Here, we report a rare case of wfs, presenting with purpura fulminans, resulting from an. The diagnosis of waterhousefriderichsen syndrome as the cause of death was established post mortem based on autopsy findings, microscopic examination. Waterhouse friderichsen syndrome is a rare condition that presents with nonspecific symptoms and requires the efforts of an interprofessional healthcare team. Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome radiology reference. Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome synonyms, waterhousefriderichsen syndrome pronunciation, waterhousefriderichsen syndrome translation, english dictionary definition of waterhousefriderichsen syndrome.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome is adrenal gland failure due to bleeding into the adrenal gland. It is characterized by overwhelming bacterial infection meningococcemia leading to massive blood invasion, organ failure, coma, low blood pressure and shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation with. Symptoms include acute adrenal gland insufficiency, and profound shock. The disease now known as the waterhousefriderichsen syndrome was recognized as an entity by little1 in 1901. The patient died suddenly within 14 hours after presentation.
The disease known as the waterhousefriderichsen syndrome was described as an entity by graham little 1 in 1901. Diseases of clotting d5069,74 in refractory cases plasmapheresis may be used. Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome, also known as hemorrhagic adrenalitis, is a condition that describes acute adrenal failure, caused by hemorrhage within the adrenal glands after a severe bacterial infection, in particular meningococcal disease. Pdf first case reported in adults waterhousefriderichsen syndrome secondary to staphylococcus haemolyticus is concluded. Causes the adrenal glands are 2 triangleshaped glands. Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome, shock, adrenal insuf. Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome multimedia encyclopedia. In those patients with a risk factor for adrenal hemorrhage, clinicians should keep their mind broad and open, especially when the hypotension does not respond to vasopressor alone. Typically it is caused by neisseria meningitidis the bacterial infection leads to massive bleeding into one or usually both adrenal glands. Dictionary entries near wa ter house frid er ich sen syndrome.
Most patients with this condition are children, although adults may rarely be affected. The condition is most frequently seen in children younger than 10 years old. He gave an accurate description of symptomatology and pathology. Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome wikipedia republished. The bacterial infection leads to massive bleeding into one or both adrenal glands. Waterhouse friderichsen syndrome, shock, adrenal insuf. Alternative names fulminant meningococcemia waterhousefriderichsen syndrome.
Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome wfs is defined as adrenal gland failure due to bleeding into the adrenal glands, commonly caused by severe bacterial infection. Hemorrhagic necrosis of adrenal glands, usually due to bacteremia, classically neisseria meningitides. Less common causes are burns, cardiac failure, hypothermia and birth trauma. Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome statpearls ncbi bookshelf. Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome information mount sinai. Waterhouse friderichsen syndrome waterhousefriderichsen. Pdf waterhousefriderichsen syndrome in an adult patient with. Post the definition of waterhousefriderichsen syndrome to facebook share the definition of waterhousefriderichsen syndrome on twitter. We, therefore, report a case of waterhousefriderichsen syndrome resulting from an invasive pneumococcal infection in a patient with a hypoplastic spleen. The presenting clinical picture is frequently pharyngitis, fever, and. Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome wfs is an emergency condition, characterized by fever, cyanosis, bruises, andor shock. Septic shock caused by waterhousefriderichsen syndrome. Fatal waterhousefriderichsen syndrome due to ewingella.
Typically, it is caused by neisseria meningitidis the bacterial infection leads to massive bleeding into one or usually both adrenal glands. Meningococcemia is a lifethreatening infection that occurs when the bacteria neisseria meningitidis invades the. Schwere sepsis im kindesalter am beispiel des waterhouse. A case of waterhousefriderichsen syndrome resulting from. Wfs is reported to occur in splenectomized patients, and in patients with congenital asplenia or decreased splenic function 25. It is usually caused by severe meningococcal infection or other severe, bacterial infection. Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome, a rare type of septicemia blood poisoning of rapid and severe onset, marked by fever, collapse and sometimes coma, hemorrhage from skin and mucous membranes, and severe bilateral hemorrhage of the adrenal cortical tissue. Dem waterhousefriderichsensyndrom liegt als pathogenetisches. If you have problems viewing pdf files, download the latest version of adobe reader. The syndrome is most common in children under five and may last only a few hours.
Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome pathology britannica. Definition waterhousefriderichsen syndrome wfs or hemorrhagic adrenalitis or fulminant meningococcemia, is defined as adrenal gland failure due to bleeding into the adrenal glands, caused by severe bacterial infection most commonly the meningococcus neisseria meningitidis. Pdf waterhousefriderichsen syndrome is one of the fatal complications of meningococcal infection. Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome, a complication of acute bacterial meningitis, is associated with severe disseminated intravasal coagulopathy and adrenocortical insufficiency. Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome is one of the fatal complications of meningococcal infection.
Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome infectious disease a clinical crisis characterized by acute adrenal insufficiency, often accompanied by septicemia. Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome also known as purpura fulminans 9 or hemorrhagic adrenalitis 10 is characterized by adrenal insufficiency that results from atraumatic adrenal hemorrhage in consequence of septicemia. The question arose whether there are prehospital strategies to positively affect this special form of sepsis or whether there are opportunities to. It is characterized by overwhelming bacterial infection meningococcemia. Here we report a fatal case of this syndrome due to neisseria meningitidis in a 29yearold male patient who was admitted with highgrade fever and chills and vomiting since 7 days, a skin rash over the abdomen and trunk, and altered sensorium since 2 days. Erste gabe 15 minuten vor oder gleichzeitig mit erster antibiotikagabe. Meningokokkensepsis mit nebennierenbeteiligung waterhouse. A fatal case of waterhousefriderichsen syndrome resulting from ewingella americana infection in a previously healthy 74yearold woman is reported. Neisseria meningitidis cause a fulminating fatal infection, frequently with few or no signs or preconditions. Waterhousefriderichsen syndrome uf health, university. The waterhousefriderichsen syndrome is a clinical entity first described in 1911 by waterhouse1 in an eightmonthold child. Waterhouse friderichsen syndrome is defined as adrenal gland failure due to bleeding into the adrenal glands, commonly caused by severe bacterial infection. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Septic shock caused by neisseria meningitidis infection, defined as waterhousefriderichsen syndrome in 1946, has a high mortality rate of between 21% and 44%.
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